Wharton's breakthrough came with The House of Mirth (1905), a devastating portrayal of a beautiful woman's social decline in Gilded Age New York. Ethan Frome (1911) offered a stark New England tragedy, while The Custom of the Country (1913) satirized upwardly mobile America through the ruthless Undine Spragg. Her masterpiece, The Age of Innocence (1920), an elegiac portrait of 1870s upper-class New York, earned her the Pulitzer Prize in 1921. Other notable works include Summer (1917), The Reef (1912), and The Glimpses of the Moon (1922).
Having settled in France, Wharton also wrote travel books and supported humanitarian efforts during World War I. Her keen social insight and elegant prose secured her a lasting place in American literature.