Storm began his literary career as a lyric poet, producing verse admired for its simplicity, musicality, and gentle melancholy. However, he is best remembered for his novellas, a form he perfected over four decades. His breakthrough work was Immensee (1850), a poignant tale of lost love. Later masterpieces include Aquis Submersus (1876), Carsten the Trustee (1881), and Renate (1883). His crowning achievement, The Rider on the White Horse (Der Schimmelreiter, 1888), tells the haunting story of a Frisian dike-grave and masterfully blends realism with the supernatural.
Storm's works are distinguished by vivid portrayals of North German rural life, psychological insight, and elegant framed narratives. He died at Hademarschen in 1888, leaving an enduring legacy in German literature.